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The November edition of the Jehovah’s Witness’s publication “The Watchtower” has as the feature article, “Exposed: Six Myths About Christianity.” Some of these I would take exception to, and some of them I would agree with (perhaps with some modification). Over the next few posts, I will be interacting with some of its claims.
The first section is introductory and so will my comments be.The major heading will be the section title with which I am interacting. In blue is the original text. All other text is mine. |
One Myth Leads to Another
Despite Paul’s warning, from the middle of the second century C.E., some Christians began using concepts borrowed from ancient philosophers in order to explain their beliefs. Why? They wanted to be accepted by the educated people of the Roman Empire and thus make more converts.
There are several things on the table already. First, one of the things that makes responding to Watchtower publications difficult is the broad strokes and lack of citation. Moreover, when there is citation, it is rarely from source material. Ad Fontes! was the cry during the Reformation. It meant “To the Sources!” That will be my cry as well as I work through these “Six Myths.” Who borrowed? What did he borrow? Where was it borrowed? There are only vague references that may impress the reader, but they leave the student frustrated as he tries to validate their claim.
Second, it is true that some Christians did change their theology on account of the surrounding philosophy. But it is also true that some Christians did not change their theology. It is not enough to say that some changed. That means nothing unless we can demonstrate that the doctrines under question were in fact changed. This may not be so easy to do. In any controversy there are going to be at least two opposing positions. Which one was “the original?” Which one represents a change?
The matter is further complicated when it is claimed so early. The Ante Nicean Fathers doesn’t give us much time in which to work. If there was an Ante-Nicean controversy, then these two parties disagreed with each other very early and there may not be enough time to discern, from a historical perspective, which was the prevailing view (if any). This is why exegesis is so important. But suppose a “standard” can not be established to decide who deviated? In this early state of flux may not one of the parties have adopted pagan beliefs in the process? Yes, which brings me to my next point.
Third, there is much that needs to be done to sustain a charge of borrowing. Consider:
Anyone familiar with biblical scholarship should instantly recognize this. Attacks against scripture have been made on almost every conceivable topic. From the Mosaic law borrowing from the Hamurrabii Code to the Flood account borrowing from the Gilgamesh epic, to the creation account borrowing from other ANE sources to the crucifixion and resurrection being fabricated from the myth of Isis and Osiris, to God’s immutability being a rip off of the Greek Stoics. There are no lack of charges. But similarities mean almost nothing. One has to demonstrate borrowing, dependence, and synthesis.
Fourth, it is worth noting that for every claim of borrowing, almost the exact same charge can be leveled against the other side. Is the world constant or changing? If you answer one or the other you will find yourself in the company of either Heraclides or Parmenides. Epicureanism or Platonism? Hedonism or Asceticism? Since there were always waring philosophical parties, then any charge of borrowing can easily go the other way.
Justin Martyr’s form of Christianity became very successful in gaining converts. However, the adoption of one myth led to the creation of others and produced what is is now commonly believed to be Christian doctrine. To expose these myths, compare what the following reference works say with what the Bible actually teaches.
This is a good example of vague references. Lots of accusations, no references. Ad Fontes! It is well known that Justin leaned heavily on philosophy. God’s Spokesperson revealing himself to philosophers? I am no expert on Justin, but I don’t remember anything about a “Spokesperson.” I am not saying they are wrong, I just have no way to verify since there is no reference. I have to read all of Justin’s work in order to find what they are talking about. Perhaps they talking about Justin’s treatment of Logos? Justin taught something akin to the saying that “all truth is God’s truth.” He believed that God would reveal truths to people besides the Jews (but not in the same way as the Special Revelation they received.) In that sense, I agree. But did he mean something more? What is the specific charge? Where in his writings can this borrowing be seen? Which of the ancient writings did he borrow from? It is interesting to note in passing that Justin held that many of the philosophers actually borrowed from scripture. As a protestant, none of this is terribly concerning because we do not hold the church fathers to be authoritative. We are free to accept or reject their teaching based on scripture. It is more a matter of historical accuracy.
Scripture is our standard, so as I work my way through this series scripture and proper exegesis is king. That said, I will also look at history and philosophy in order to help provide balance to the analysis. History is not an authority for me, but it should be handled accurately.


